![]() They offer the capability to outsource the infrastructure and its management to a public cloud. The consequence of these challenges has been the increase of Virtual Desktop Clouds (VDCs) and Desktop-as-a-Service (DaaS) solutions. However, a VDI is complex and hence is difficult to manage and maintain. The centralized infrastructure in a VDI is typically a private server farm, datacentre, or private cloud, for the exclusive use of the company employees. The main disadvantages to these RD systems are the requirement for a centralized infrastructure that offers the real desktop and the requirement of high speed and low latency network access from the users to the infrastructure. New features can be easily offered, such as access to the user’s desktop from any device, even mobile devices (from smartphones or tablets). The capital expenditure in desktop hardware is also reduced as it functions with inexpensive thin clients. RD systems provide reduced computer management costs owing to centralized backups, updates, security control, and other system functions. The user employs a desktop operating system that behaves as if local to his computer, yet is instead a network-streamed version of a virtualized and centralized desktop. These remote desktops are accessed from thin clients: computers with reduced computational power and small disks that are used solely as remote displays and input devices (keyboard, mouse, sound, USB ports). A single host can offer independent desktops to dozens of users in what is called a Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI). The centralized computing resources are typically virtualized. This is a common deployment scenario in large and medium size enterprises owing to the reduction in capital and operational expenditures it provides. This is the scenario of Remote Desktop (RD) systems, where a host streams a computer desktop environment to the user’s machine, where the user then browses this desktop as if it were local. Traditional desktop computers executing local productivity applications are evolving into light local computers used as remote displays for centralized machines. ![]() Applications such as web browsing result in unexpectedly high traffic rates and long bursts, more than the case of desktop video playing, because the on-page animations are rendered on the server. The results confirm that the type of application running on the remote servers and the mix of users must be considered to determine the bandwidth requirements. We also evaluate the quality of experience perceived by the user, in terms of image quality and interactivity, providing values of Mean Opinion Score (MOS). We evaluate the necessary network resources using a traffic model based on self-similar processes. In this paper, we review the main offerings of remote desktop protocols for a cloud deployment. Desktop-as-a-Service solutions such as Amazon WorkSpaces offer a similar functionality, yet in a public cloud environment. Citrix and VMware have been major suppliers of these systems in private clouds. Instead of assigning a physical machine with its operating system and software to each user, it is considerably easier to manage a light client machine that connects to a server where the instance of the user’s desktop machine actually executes. The use of remote desktop services on virtualized machines is a general trend to reduce the cost of desktop seats.
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